Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer. It often occurs in the urothelial cells that line the inside of the bladder. However, as urothelial cells are also present in the kidneys and ureters, bladder cancer may occur there as well.
Definition
Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer. It often occurs in the urothelial cells that line the inside of the bladder. However, as urothelial cells are also present in the kidneys and ureters., bladder cancer may occur there as well. It is easily treatable if diagnosed at an early stage, though, like other types of cancer, it may reoccur.1
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of cancer may be but not limited to:1
Cause
As other types of cancer, bladder cancer involves the growth of abnormal cells which contain mutations leading to uncontrollable cell division and growth. Similarly, it can spread and damage/destroy normal tissue.1
Risk factors may be:
It is suggested that cannabinoids exhibit anti-metastatic activities. However, further studies are needed to examine the effect of CB2 agonists in the treatment of bladder cancer.2
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The potential treatment of cannabinoids in bladder cancer is currently being studied by several research groups.
To this date, it is known that cannabinoid receptors such as CB1, CB2, and GPR55 are expressed by human bladder cells (Bakali et al., 2014).
It was shown that human bladder cancer (BC) cells RT4 and RT112 have increased expression of CB2 receptors. Cytotoxicity in bladder cancer cell lines and changes in cellular sphingolipids metabolism can be induced via activation of CB2 with the synthetic cannabinoid agonist JWH015 (Bettiga et al., 2017).
2AG plays a role in controlling inflammation and proliferation processes of bladder carcinoma cells, probably through CB receptors (Gasperi et al., 2014).